Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disrupted development among children and disproportionately affects children aged five and younger. Severe TBI can have chronic adverse effects on children’s’ cognitive development, communication, and social abilities. Due to various anatomical differences, including larger head size and poorer neck musculature, children are more susceptible to TBI...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a form of acquired brain injury that can result in a range of functional deficits in individuals. Many consequences of TBI are easily observable, such as impaired physical ability, but conditions related to cognition, memory, and difficulties managing daily living may be invisible to others. A largely neglected area of...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a high risk for morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals, with individuals over age 75 accounting for 32% of hospitalizations and 28% of deaths related to TBI. The American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program recommends palliative care screening for elderly individuals with moderate to severe TBI, given the...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can leave individuals with a range of functional challenges. Some complications of TBI include problems with speech and memory, as well as deficits in cognitive and motor abilities. After a TBI occurs, cells in the brain undergo what is known as...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious global health concern and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. In addition to physical and psychological complications, TBI can have massive socioeconomic costs, creating considerable barriers for those in recovery from TBI and their families. However, each person who sustains TBI will experience...

Each year, an estimated two million individuals experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States, with many experiencing cognitive difficulties such as memory impairment, challenges in focusing, and problem solving. TBI can be classified as mild (mTBI), moderate, or severe, but all have been associated with self-reported cognitive challenges, with varying degrees of...

Electric scooters (e-scooters) are a novel and rapid mode of transportation that have become increasingly popular for their convenience, low cost, and speed. While the environmentally friendly e-scooter may be ideal for short distance commuters, those who use e-scooters for expanded commutes may be at increased risk of injury. Since 2017, the growth of e-scooters...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability in the United States, particularly among military personnel who are at high risk for exposure to blast events. Blast-related TBI may result in long-term challenges to everyday living, such as headaches, sensory impairment, depression, anxiety, and memory impairment. While most people with last TBI find...

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death in young adults, and survivors are frequently left with long-term disabilities. Prehospital TBI management focuses on improving these outcomes by preventing secondary injury effects, particularly physiological disturbances. Many cases of prehospital TBI management involve tracheal intubation, a medical procedure in which a physician inserts...

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, is a common condition that frequently causes impaired executive functioning (mental processing skills that allow people to plan, focus, learn, and remember), limited independence, and decreased ability to engage in social activities and work. Previous studies on executive functioning in mTBI have produced conflicting results—a discrepancy that can...